Think someone is overdosing?
This guide works without an internet connection once the page has loaded. It does not replace calling 911. Naloxone has no effect on someone who hasn't taken opioids and is not addictive — it's safe to use if you're unsure.
Shout their name. Rub your knuckles firmly on their breastbone (sternum).
- Slow, shallow, or stopped breathing
- Blue, grey, or pale lips and fingertips
- Choking, gurgling, or snoring sounds
- No reaction to voice or the sternum rub
A response to voice or a sternum rub is a good sign, but things can still change quickly. Stay with them.
- Keep talking to them and checking their breathing every minute or two.
- If they become unresponsive or their breathing slows — start over from Step 2 (call 911) immediately.
- Don't leave them alone if you can help it.
Do this now, even if you plan to give naloxone. Say: "Someone is not breathing normally, I think it's an opioid overdose." Give your location clearly.
Nasal spray: peel back the package, tilt their head back slightly, insert the tip into one nostril, press the plunger fully.
They don't need to be breathing well for it to work. It has no effect on someone who hasn't taken opioids — if you're not certain, give it anyway.
If they're not breathing normally and you know rescue breathing or CPR, start now.
If you have to leave them even briefly, or once breathing resumes, place them on their side (recovery position) so they don't choke.
Naloxone can wear off before the opioid does — the overdose can return. Stay until help arrives.
Keep them in the recovery position (on their side). Keep watching their breathing. Don't leave until emergency responders arrive — the overdose can come back before the opioid has fully worn off.